Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, PENK mass-spec protein is linked to patient survival in 2 of 34 cancer types, making it a survival-associated PENK data layer compared with 25 for mass-spec protein and 5 for mutation status.
The strongest signal is observed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), where higher PENK mass-spec protein is associated with better disease-free survival. In most high-consensus cancer types, elevated PENK expression acts as an unfavorable survival marker, although some lineages such as GBM show a favorable association.
GBM and LSCC are the cancer types where PENK mass-spec protein most reproducibly stratifies survival.