Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, HHLA3 RNA is linked to patient survival in 24 of 34 cancer types, making it the most broadly survival-associated HHLA3 data layer compared with 3 for mutation status.
The strongest signal is observed in uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS), where higher HHLA3 RNA is associated with worse overall survival. In most high-consensus cancer types, elevated HHLA3 expression acts as an unfavorable survival marker, although some lineages such as UVM and CESC show a favorable association.
UCS, UVM, and KIRC are the cancer types where HHLA3 RNA most reproducibly stratifies survival.
RNA survival associations by lineage
Ranked by sampling consensus. AUC1 and AUC2 indicate survival in the high- and low-expression groups, respectively; the lower AUC marks the poorer-surviving group. p-values are from the log-rank test.