Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, HHLA3 RNA differs between tumor and matched normal tissue in 8 of 18 cancer types tested, making tumor–normal expression one of HHLA3’s most consistent transcriptional readouts.
The strongest signal is observed in kidney chromophobe (KICH), where HHLA3 RNA is repressed in tumor relative to normal tissue. In most cancer types HHLA3 is over-expressed in tumor, although a few such as KICH and KIRC show the opposite, repressed pattern.
KICH, LUAD, and KIRC are the cancer types where HHLA3 tumor–normal differential expression is most reproducible.
RNA tumor vs normal associations by lineage
Ranked by sampling consensus. Fold-change is the tumor-versus-normal difference in HHLA3 RNA (log2); positive values indicate higher expression in tumor. p-values are from the differential-expression test.