Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, HHLA1 Mutation is linked to patient survival in 2 of 34 cancer types, making it a survival-associated HHLA1 data layer compared with 20 for mass-spec protein and 2 for mass-spec protein.
The strongest signal is observed in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), where higher HHLA1 Mutation is associated with worse disease-free survival. In most high-consensus cancer types, elevated HHLA1 expression acts as an unfavorable survival marker.
LIHC and UCEC are the cancer types where HHLA1 Mutation most reproducibly stratifies survival.