HHLA1

Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, HHLA1 RNA differs between tumor and matched normal tissue in 5 of 18 cancer types tested, making tumor–normal expression one of HHLA1’s most consistent transcriptional readouts.

The strongest signal is observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), where HHLA1 RNA is more highly expressed in tumor relative to normal tissue. In most cancer types HHLA1 is over-expressed in tumor.

HNSC, LUSC, and BLCA are the cancer types where HHLA1 tumor–normal differential expression is most reproducible.

RNA tumor vs normal associations by lineage

Ranked by sampling consensus. Fold-change is the tumor-versus-normal difference in HHLA1 RNA (log₂); positive values indicate higher expression in tumor. p-values are from the differential-expression test.

Lineage	Gender	Stage	Fold-change	p	Sampling consensus
HNSC	All	III,IV	+0.032	<.001	12	view →
LUSC	Male	All	+0.008	.002	4	view →
BLCA	All	All	+0.006	.012	3	view →
LUAD	All	All	+0.012	.029	2	view →
COAD	All	All	+0.004	.049	1	view →

Pink = over-expressed in tumor, green = repressed in tumor. Showing the 5 strongest of 5 lineages.

HHLA1–HNSC

Open the HNSC breakdown →