Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, HBB mass-spec protein is linked to patient survival in 1 of 34 cancer types, making it a survival-associated HBB data layer compared with 23 for mass-spec protein and 5 for mutation status.
The strongest signal is observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), where higher HBB mass-spec protein is associated with worse overall survival. In most high-consensus cancer types, elevated HBB expression acts as an unfavorable survival marker.
PDAC are the cancer types where HBB mass-spec protein most reproducibly stratifies survival.