Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, RRAD mass-spec protein is linked to patient survival in 4 of 34 cancer types, making it a survival-associated RRAD data layer compared with 20 for mass-spec protein and 3 for mutation status.
The strongest signal is observed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), where higher RRAD mass-spec protein is associated with worse overall survival. In most high-consensus cancer types, elevated RRAD expression acts as an unfavorable survival marker, although some lineages such as PDAC and HNSC show a favorable association.
CCRCC, LSCC, and PDAC are the cancer types where RRAD mass-spec protein most reproducibly stratifies survival.