Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, INS mass-spec protein is linked to patient survival in 1 of 34 cancer types, making it a survival-associated INS data layer compared with 20 for mass-spec protein and 1 for mutation status.
The strongest signal is observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), where higher INS mass-spec protein is associated with better overall survival. In most high-consensus cancer types, elevated INS expression acts as an unfavorable survival marker, although some lineages such as PDAC show a favorable association.
PDAC are the cancer types where INS mass-spec protein most reproducibly stratifies survival.