Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, HMGB4 RNA differs between tumor and matched normal tissue in 2 of 18 cancer types tested, making tumor–normal expression one of HMGB4’s most consistent transcriptional readouts.
The strongest signal is observed in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), where HMGB4 RNA is more highly expressed in tumor relative to normal tissue. In most cancer types HMGB4 is over-expressed in tumor.
BRCA and LUAD are the cancer types where HMGB4 tumor–normal differential expression is most reproducible.