Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, HMGB1 RNA differs between tumor and matched normal tissue in 13 of 18 cancer types tested, making tumor–normal expression one of HMGB1’s most consistent transcriptional readouts.
The strongest signal is observed in kidney chromophobe (KICH), where HMGB1 RNA is repressed in tumor relative to normal tissue. In most cancer types HMGB1 is over-expressed in tumor, although a few such as KICH and LUAD show the opposite, repressed pattern.
KICH, HNSC, and STAD are the cancer types where HMGB1 tumor–normal differential expression is most reproducible.
RNA tumor vs normal associations by lineage
Ranked by sampling consensus. Fold-change is the tumor-versus-normal difference in HMGB1 RNA (log2); positive values indicate higher expression in tumor. p-values are from the differential-expression test.