Across TCGA pan-cancer cohorts, HES3 RNA differs between tumor and matched normal tissue in 2 of 18 cancer types tested, making tumor–normal expression one of HES3’s most consistent transcriptional readouts.
The strongest signal is observed in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), where HES3 RNA is more highly expressed in tumor relative to normal tissue. In most cancer types HES3 is over-expressed in tumor, although a few such as COAD show the opposite, repressed pattern.
BRCA and COAD are the cancer types where HES3 tumor–normal differential expression is most reproducible.